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In recent times there has been an increase in the number of bed bug infestations. Bed bugs are common all around the world and also have been found in Australia in tiny numbers. Recently they've become widespread with infestations increasing substantially in Victoria, and parts of the world, within the previous ten years. .

The main reason for the increase is thought to be caused by insecticide resistance; modern bed bugs are resilient to many of the commonly used insecticides. Other contributing factors include the increase in world travel with bed bugs being spread in luggage, shoes and clothing. Once acquired at turnover accommodation, the hitchhiking bed bugs may then be transported and brought back to the homes of guests in their luggage.

Many hostels have now banned the use of travelers own sleeping linen in common accommodation for a safety precaution against this insect.

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In ancient infestations, bed bugs are found around the seams, beading and folds of mattresses, sleeping bags and sheets. Since the infestation spreads, the bugs move to any tiny crevices, which may be in bed heads, skirting boards, cracks in plaster and bedroom furniture. Due to their colour, mature bed bugs can easily be seen with the naked eye on sheets and bedding, but very tough to view on brown wooden floors and other dark surfaces.

Heavily used hiding areas are evident by black or brown stains of blood excrement or spotting. There may be an offensive sweet odour when bed bugs are numerous. This odour called buggy is like the odour when a stink bug is squashed. White eggs, the egg cases and moulted skin cubes may be found near these areas, as well as living bed bugs. .

Bed bugs use pheromones to communicate. This method of communication and also the launch of alarm pheromones can make them quite difficult to treat as bed bugs become awake and quickly vacate the area being treated if not previously properly quarantined.

Bed bugs may spread into a new residence by traveling between multi-unit housing such as dormitories and apartment buildings. Once they find a suitable host, bed bugs will feed and therefore are likely to haven in near proximity to the victim. In cases like this, new locations can quickly become infested with bed bugs in a short amount of time. .

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Different people have varying reactions to the bites of bed bugs, depending on a number of factors. Some people have little or no reaction to the bite. In others the sting site can get red and intensely itchy. This can happen during the course of the night or may take up to grow.

The wheals may range from 2 cm to 5 cm in width with inflammation common. Anaphylactic shock may occur in individuals which are highly allergic, although this is rare. .

Discomfort and reduction of sleep is common from the psychological effects of bed bugs. Bites may be found on many different places on the body. Another characteristic is that the bites are occasionally in orderly rows, unlike the random pattern of mosquitoes. These rows are brought on by the bed insect being disturbed during feeding and having to pierce the skin to nourish again.

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Bed bugs mainly feed on humans but may also feed on mammals and poultry if necessary. Even though they can carry diseases such as hepatitis they're not known to transfer these ailments to individuals.

Bed bugs are particularly problematic to treat, with absolute eradication unlikely to be achieved with a single treatment. Sprays may kill the bed bugs but they're largely ineffective on the eggs. Follow up inspections are constantly required and additional treatments are often necessary.

The survival of bed bug eggs is also an issue. It's not uncommon for the reside bed bugs amongst an infestation to be completely eradicated during an effective treatment cycle, only to have the remaining or surviving eggs hatch and populate the location once again. The eggs can also have an incubation period of up to fourteen days and may be deposited in hidden areas that are difficult to deal with. .

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This stubborn tendency of bed bug infestations are created more problematic due to the now smaller size of the newly re-emerged mattress go now bug nymph. Once an infestation is detected, all adjoining chambers need to be inspected and treated if additionally influenced.

This can be completed by the use of adhesive tape (if insect numbers are extremely small) to trap the insect. Vacuuming can also be recommended before chemical treatment because it eliminates all dust and debris from the site of the infestation making it easier for following chemical control to penetrate and in turn be effective.